生命在于运动：运动对心脏和代谢的改善作用(5)

运动对心脏和代谢的改善作用见表2。

5 展望

从古至今，运动对健康的作用始终被密切关注着。日常生活中，我们都知道“饭后百步走，活到九十九”。科学研究中，运动对全身各个组织的保护作用一直是研究的热点。由于运动的易操作性和安全性，人们孜孜不倦地寻找着针对各种疾病的最佳运动方式。在运动对各种疾病发生发展的调控过程中，科学家们可以鉴定出关键的靶点基因，从而为疾病的预防和治疗提供夯实的理论基础和潜在的药物靶点。

表2 运动对心脏和代谢的改善运动方式 生理改变或疾病类型 作用结果 作用机制 检测位置 参考文献运动员日常训练 生理性心肌肥大 促进 IGF-1 血清 [31]耐力运动 生理性心肌肥大 促进 PI3K-AKT-C/EBPβ-CITED4 心脏 [32]跑步、游泳 生理性心肌肥大 促进 miR-222 心脏 [33]运动预热 病理性心肌肥大 改善 miRNAs 心脏 [34]运动预热 病理性心肌肥大 改善 NF-κB 心脏 [35]跑步 病理性心肌肥大 改善 一氧化氮合酶 心脏 [37]跑步、游泳 心肌梗死 改善 miR-222 心脏 [33]坡道自行车 心肌梗死 改善 扭转心肌梗死引起骨骼肌脱氧能力 肌肉 [41]有氧运动 心肌梗死 改善 一氧化氮信号 心脏 [43]仰卧自行车 动脉粥样硬化 改善 冠状动脉侧枝循环 心脏 [31]体育活动 心衰 改善 - 心脏 [53]有氧运动 肥胖 减少 - 脂肪、腰围、体重 [57]有氧运动 肥胖 减少 - IKK/NF-κB [61]太极拳 II型糖尿病 降低 - 全血 [67]耐力运动 妊娠期糖尿病 降低 - 全血 [68]跑步 糖尿病 降低子代的糖尿病风险 表观遗传学 全血 [71]阻力运动 糖尿病 改善 线粒体、AMPK 骨骼肌 [72]阻力运动 非酒精性脂肪肝 改善 自主神经功能 肝脏、脑 [80]阻力运动 非酒精性脂肪肝 改善 甘油三酯 肝脏 [82]

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